Policy analysis from a social planning approach includes all EXCEPT:

In the context of a social planning approach, policy analysis typically involves identifying, evaluating, and recommending responses to social issues through various means and methods. Survey research, expert or citizen panels, and public forums are all methods used to gather data and insights from different stakeholders to inform policy decisions.

Survey research is particularly valuable in collecting quantitative data that can highlight community needs and preferences, laying a foundation for evidence-based analysis. Expert or citizen panels provide diverse perspectives and nuanced understanding, allowing for a more holistic view of the social issues at hand. Public forums engage the community directly, facilitating open dialogue and encouraging public participation in the decision-making process.

While constructing theories is an essential part of the broader field of social science, it is not typically categorized as a direct component of policy analysis in the social planning approach. Instead, policy analysis focuses on applying existing theories and frameworks to real-world issues rather than developing new theoretical constructs from scratch. This distinction clarifies why constructing theories does not fit within the commonly accepted methodologies of policy analysis in social planning.